{"id":11463,"date":"2023-11-23T13:59:07","date_gmt":"2023-11-23T12:59:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.e-polish.eu\/?p=2604"},"modified":"2026-03-27T16:09:02","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T15:09:02","slug":"ale-tluste-kocisko-czyli-o-roli-zgrubien-w-jezyku-polskim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/blog\/ale-tluste-kocisko-czyli-o-roli-zgrubien-w-jezyku-polskim\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eALE T\u0141USTE KOCISKO!\u201d, CZYLI O ROLI ZGRUBIE\u0143 W J\u0118ZYKU POLSKIM"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201eCo za wietrzysko<\/strong>!\u201d, \u201eAle z niego ch\u0142opisko<\/strong>!\u201d, \u201eNie wchod\u017a w tych buciorach<\/strong>!\u2019 \u2013 zapewne s\u0142yszeli\u015bcie takie s\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re niby brzmi\u0105 znajomo, jednak dzi\u0119ki kontekstowi wypowiedzi, intonacji czy intencji m\u00f3wi\u0105cego zyskuj\u0105 dodatkowe, nierzadko prze\u015bmiewcze lub negatywne znaczenie. Te wyrazy to zgrubienia (augmentatywy), czyli wyrazy pochodne, kt\u00f3re wyolbrzymiaj\u0105 cechy wyraz\u00f3w podstawowych i w\u0142a\u015bnie im po\u015bwi\u0119cimy poni\u017cszy wpis.<\/p>\n\n

Zgrubienia tworzymy poprzez dodanie odpowiedniego formantu (ko\u0144c\u00f3wki) do wyrazu podstawowego. Zasadniczo wyr\u00f3\u017cniamy dwa rodzaje zgrubie\u0144. Pierwsze to te, wskazuj\u0105ce na wi\u0119kszy rozmiar kogo\u015b lub czego\u015b, np. <\/span>ch\u0142opak \u2013 ch\u0142opaczysko<\/strong>, <\/span>kot \u2013 kocisko<\/strong>. Drugie, opr\u00f3cz wielko\u015bci, mog\u0105 wyra\u017ca\u0107 negatywny lub lekcewa\u017c\u0105cy stosunek do opisywanej postaci\/przedmiotu\/rzeczywisto\u015bci, np.: <\/span>staruszka \u2013 starucha<\/strong>, <\/span>pan \u2013 panisko<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak rozpozna\u0107 kiedy co\u015b jest po prostu du\u017ce, a kiedy co\u015b wy\u015bmiewamy lub obra\u017camy? Oczywi\u015bcie wszystko zale\u017cy od kontekstu, bowiem \u201epsisko\u201d<\/strong> mo\u017ce oznacza\u0107 \u2018du\u017cego psa\u2019, jak i\u00a0\u2018niesympatyczne, gro\u017ane zwierz\u0119\u2019; \u201eptaszysko\u201d<\/strong> \u2013 \u2018du\u017cego ptaka\u2019 i \u2018strasznego ptaka\u2019; \u201ezamczysko\u201d<\/strong> \u2013 \u2018wielki zamek\u2019 i\u00a0\u2018upiorny zamek\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

JAK TWORZY\u0106 ZGRUBIENIA?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Istnieje wiele form przyrostk\u00f3w, czyli cz\u0105stek wyraz\u00f3w dodanych do rdzenia, kt\u00f3re tworz\u0105 zgrubienia. Jednak, gdy si\u0119 je opanuje, to jest to \u015bwietny spos\u00f3b, aby ubarwi\u0107 swoje rozmowy \u00a0i nada\u0107 im rodzime brzmienie! Ale oczywi\u015bcie wszystko z umiarem.<\/p>\n

Do najcz\u0119\u015bciej dodawanych formant\u00f3w do wyraz\u00f3w podstawowych nale\u017c\u0105:<\/p>\n

1. -sko lub -ysko\/-isko <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • baba \u2013 babsko<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • cia\u0142o – cielsko<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • ch\u0142opak \u2013 ch\u0142opaczysko<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • mucha \u2013 muszysko<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • kot \u2013 kocisko<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00a02. <\/strong>-cha<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • staruszka \u2013 starucha<\/strong><\/li>\n
    • kluska \u2013 klucha<\/strong><\/li>\n
    • Kasia \u2013 Kacha<\/strong><\/li>\n
    • Zosia – Zocha<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Uwaga!<\/strong> Rzadziej, cho\u0107 jest to mo\u017cliwe, zgrubienia oznaczaj\u0105 sympati\u0119 i sentyment. Dobrze obrazuje to przyk\u0142ad osoby, kt\u00f3ra z czu\u0142o\u015bci\u0105 g\u0142adzi swojego psa, m\u00f3wi\u0105c: \u201eDobre psisko, m\u0105dre psisko!\u201d.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      Jestem pewna, \u017ce u\u017cywaj\u0105c tych form dodacie swym rozmowom ekspresji i zaskoczycie polskoj\u0119zycznych znajomych. Jak zawsze trzymamy za Was kciuki w j\u0119zykowych eksperymentach.<\/p>\n

      Autorka: Iwona Huber<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u201eCo za wietrzysko!\u201d, \u201eAle z niego ch\u0142opisko!\u201d, \u201eNie wchod\u017a w tych buciorach!\u2019 \u2013 zapewne s\u0142yszeli\u015bcie takie s\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re niby brzmi\u0105 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7911,"featured_media":14008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Huber","author_link":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/blog\/author\/ihuber\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\u201eCo za wietrzysko!\u201d, \u201eAle z niego ch\u0142opisko!\u201d, \u201eNie wchod\u017a w tych buciorach!\u2019 \u2013 zapewne s\u0142yszeli\u015bcie takie s\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re niby brzmi\u0105 […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7911"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11463"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15066,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11463\/revisions\/15066"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}