Na polszczyzn\u0119 bardzo silny wp\u0142yw mia\u0142y inne j\u0119zyki. Obecnie, w s\u0142owniku j\u0119zyka polskiego mo\u017cemy znale\u017a\u0107 oko\u0142o 140 tys. hase\u0142. Nie s\u0105 to jednak wszystkie s\u0142owa wyst\u0119puj\u0105ce w j\u0119zyku polskim. Opr\u00f3cz ca\u0142kowicie polskich wyraz\u00f3w, mamy liczne s\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 zapo\u017cyczeniami z j\u0119zyk\u00f3w innych kraj\u00f3w.\u00a0 Dowodem na to s\u0105 poni\u017csze przyk\u0142ady.<\/p>\n
Zapo\u017cyczeniami s\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c s\u0142owa ca\u0142kowicie kojarzone przez Polak\u00f3w z naszym pa\u0144stwem czyli cebula, ziemniak, kartofel, burak. Niestety musz\u0119 rozczarowa\u0107 co niekt\u00f3rych, bo cebula i burak to s\u0142owa pochodzenia \u0142aci\u0144skiego, a kartofel, \u00a0jak si\u0119 mo\u017ce domy\u015blacie to s\u0142owo pochodz\u0105ce z j\u0119zyka niemieckiego.<\/p>\n
S\u0105 jeszcze s\u0142owa w j\u0119zyku polskim, kt\u00f3re powinni\u015bmy zapisywac inaczej, a tymczasem zapisujemy je z b\u0142\u0119dem ortograficznym. Wynika to z tego, \u017ce tak bardzo je zasymilowali\u015bmy. S\u0142owem takim jest np. og\u00f3rek. S\u0142owo to oryginalnie brzmi angurion i pochodzi z j\u0119zyka perskiego. Mamy zatem dwa razy \u201eu\u201d otwarte. Polacy jednak, nie wiedzie\u0107 dlaczego, skojarzyli og\u00f3rka z g\u00f3r\u0105 i zamienili \u201eu\u201d zwyk\u0142e na \u201e\u00f3\u201d z kresk\u0105.<\/p>\n
Kolejnym s\u0142owem, kt\u00f3re kiedy\u015b zapisywali\u015bmy inaczej jest \u201epaso\u017cyt\u201d \u2013 dawniej zapisywany przez \u201erz\u201d a to dlatego, poniewa\u017c m\u00f3wiono, \u017ce pasie si\u0119 on na rzyci. Uznano to jednak za nieprzyzwoite i wulgarne i\u00a0 zmieniono pisowni\u0119. Teraz paso\u017cyt rozumiany jest jako osobnik, kt\u00f3ry czerpie korzy\u015b\u0107 z czyjego\u015b \u017cycia, a nie z rzyci.<\/p>\n
Istniej\u0105 te\u017c s\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re obecnie maj\u0105 zaw\u0119\u017cone znaczenie. Przykladem takim jest s\u0142owo \u201esklep\u201d. Dawniej \u201esklepem\u201d nazywano wszystkie pomieszczenia posiadaj\u0105ce sklepienie. Z czasem jednak zacz\u0119to tak okre\u015bla\u0107 miejsce, w kt\u00f3rym sprzedawane s\u0105 towary.<\/p>\n
S\u0142owo \u201eadidasy\u201d w przeciwie\u0144stwie do \u201esklepu\u201d poszerzy\u0142o swoje znaczenie, bowiem kiedy\u015b \u201eadidas\u201d by\u0142a to marka but\u00f3w, dzi\u015b adidasami nazywamy wszystkie buty sportowe. Podobnie jest ze s\u0142owem \u201epampers\u201d.<\/p>\n
S\u0142owo \u201eciekawy\u201d jest przyk\u0142adem na przesuni\u0119cie znaczenia. Kiedy\u015b znaczy\u0142o to \u201eszybko biegn\u0105cy\u201d. Poniewa\u017c uznano, \u017ce przy mi\u0142ych rzeczach czas szybko biegnie, zacz\u0119to u\u017cywa\u0107 tego s\u0142owa w odniesieniu do tych rzeczy, dlatego dzi\u015b m\u00f3wimy, \u017ce historia by\u0142a ciekawa czy ciekawy by\u0142 film.<\/p>\n
Istnieje te\u017c w j\u0119zyku polskim zjawisko nobilitacji. Wyst\u0119puje ono wtedy, gdy niezbyt pozytywne czy mi\u0142e s\u0142owo przestaje takie by\u0107. Przyk\u0142adem jest s\u0142owo \u201ekobieta\u201d, kt\u00f3ra dawniej oznacza\u0142a osob\u0119 pracuj\u0105c\u0105 w chlewie. S\u0142owem u\u017cywanym w\u00f3wczas zamiast dzisiaj znanej nam \u201ekobiety\u201d by\u0142a \u201eniewiasta\u201d. Z czasem jedak s\u0142owo kobieta sta\u0142o si\u0119 okre\u015bleniem calkowicie neutralnym.<\/p>\n
Przeciwie\u0144stwem nobilitacji jest degradacja. Tutaj najwi\u0119cej przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w znajdziemy w dzisiejszych wulgaryzmach. Jesli jeste\u015bcie ciekawi jakie to s\u0142owa z neutralnych sta\u0142y si\u0119 wulgarne, zach\u0119camy do przeszukania literatury.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Autor: Izabela Knara<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Na polszczyzn\u0119 bardzo silny wp\u0142yw mia\u0142y inne j\u0119zyki. Obecnie, w s\u0142owniku j\u0119zyka polskiego mo\u017cemy znale\u017a\u0107 oko\u0142o 140 tys. hase\u0142. Nie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7908,"featured_media":355,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1957],"tags":[4043,4099],"class_list":["post-299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kursy-jezyka-polskiego-dla-obcokrajowcow","tag-wyrazy-obce","tag-zapozyczenia"],"aioseo_notices":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",1700,339,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",150,30,false],"medium":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",300,60,false],"medium_large":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",768,153,false],"large":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",1024,204,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",1536,306,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",1700,339,false],"page-small":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",210,42,false],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",300,60,false],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",300,60,false],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920-100x100.jpg",100,100,true],"lws_wr_thumbnail":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",96,19,false],"lws_wr_thumbnail_small":["https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/font-705667_1920.jpg",42,8,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"epolish","author_link":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/blog\/author\/epolish\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Na polszczyzn\u0119 bardzo silny wp\u0142yw mia\u0142y inne j\u0119zyki. Obecnie, w s\u0142owniku j\u0119zyka polskiego mo\u017cemy znale\u017a\u0107 oko\u0142o 140 tys. hase\u0142. Nie […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7908"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=299"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/299\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/355"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-polish.eu\/sklep\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}